Best Vacuum Mops for Sealed Hard Floors and Sticky Spills in 2026

The BROBIG Wet Dry Vacuum Mop (model HCLA3Air) is a cordless floor cleaner designed for homes with hard floors, pets, and active families. It vacuums dry debris and mops wet spills in one pass, saving significant cleaning time. With 20kPa suction, a 60-minute runtime, and a self-cleaning base, it competes well in the mid-range wet/dry vacuum market.

In real-world use, the vacuum excels at picking up pet hair, crumbs, and common spills like juice or sauce. The self-propelled mode and 180° lie-flat design make it easy to maneuver under furniture and along edges. The dual-tank system ensures that only clean water touches the floor, reducing streaks. The self-cleaning function is convenient and keeps the roller fresh.

The build is lightweight at 7.7 pounds, and the 40 dB noise level is quiet enough for use at any time. However, the 4-hour charge time for 60 minutes of runtime may require planning for larger homes. The 0.6-liter dirty water tank is adequate for most sessions but could fill quickly during heavy cleaning. This model is not intended for carpets or rugs.

Overall, the BROBIG is a solid choice for pet owners, families with kids, and anyone who wants an all-in-one hard floor cleaning tool. It is ideal for daily maintenance rather than deep cleaning. For homes without carpets, it offers excellent value, especially with the 365-day return policy and 3-year motor warranty.

• 4-in-1 Smart Modes: Normal, Eco, Max, and Dry modes let you adjust suction and water flow for different messes, saving battery and water.
• Self-Cleaning Base: After use, the vacuum cleans its own roller with a 3-minute cycle, so you don't have to touch dirty parts.
• Zero Hair Tangle: The roller design prevents hair from wrapping around it, which is a huge time-saver for pet owners.
• 180° Lie-Flat Design: Allows the vacuum to reach under low furniture like sofas and beds, cleaning spaces that most upright vacuums miss.
• Dual-Tank System: Clean and dirty water are kept separate, so you are always mopping with fresh water and cleaning solution.
• 60-Minute Runtime: A single charge covers most homes, and the battery is removable for convenient charging.
• Smart Voice Prompts: The vacuum gives audible alerts for mode changes, low battery, and self-cleaning status, making it easy to use.

Pet Owners: The BROBIG is excellent for homes with dogs or cats. It picks up hair, dander, and tracked-in dirt, and the self-cleaning base saves you from hair wrap.

Families with Kids: Spills from drinks, food, and sticky messes are handled in one pass. The quiet operation (40 dB) won't disturb naps or homework.

Apartment Dwellers: Its compact size and cordless design make storage easy. The 180° lie-flat reach cleans under beds and couches without moving furniture.

Daily Quick Cleaning: For busy schedules, the quick-start and self-propelled mode make it easy to do a fast clean-up of high-traffic areas like kitchens and entryways.

The Bissell CrossWave Edge Cordless is a multi-surface wet-dry vacuum and mop designed for homeowners tackling everyday messes on tile, sealed hardwood, laminate, and area rugs without separate tools.

Key features like ZeroGap edge cleaning hug walls and baseboards to remove stuck-on grime and pet hair, while the tangle-free brush roll prevents clogs during heavy pet shedding seasons. In real-world tests, it shines on kitchen spills or muddy paw prints, leaving floors dry and streak-free in one pass.

At a lightweight build, it's easy to maneuver in apartments, with cordless freedom for up to 22 minutes of runtime and a self-cleaning cycle that rinses the brush roll automatically. Build quality feels sturdy for daily use, though the battery limits larger homes.

Drawbacks include shorter runtime for big areas and no dry-only mode, so it's not ideal for carpet-only cleaning. Buy this if you have pets or hard floors in compact spaces; skip if you need longer battery or dry vac versatility.

ZeroGap Edge Cleaning: Cleans flush against edges, grabbing crumbs and hair from baseboards that upright vacuums skip, maximizing coverage per pass.

Tangle-Free Brush Roll: Repels pet hair and long strands, keeping suction strong without constant detangling for faster, frustration-free sessions.

Cordless Design: Up to 22 minutes of freedom from cords, perfect for quick cleans without tripping over outlets.

Self-Cleaning Mode: Flushes debris from the brush and tank in seconds, minimizing manual scrubbing after tough jobs.

Multi-Surface Versatility: Handles hard floors and rugs seamlessly, saving time by switching tasks without tool changes.

Ideal for pet owners in apartments dealing with daily hair, paw prints, and spills on hardwood or tile, delivering edge-to-edge freshness without buckets.

Perfect for small homes or quick kitchen refreshes after meals, where cordless mobility tackles spots around furniture and islands efficiently.

Suits families with area rugs in living rooms, blending vacuuming and mopping to handle tracked-in dirt from entrances.

Great for busy parents needing fast post-dinner cleanups on laminate floors, with tangle-free performance on kid and pet messes.

The Shark VACMOP VM252 is a cordless hard floor cleaner designed for sealed surfaces like hardwood, tile, vinyl, and laminate in apartments or homes with pets and kids.

Key features include powerful suction that traps dry debris like pet hair in disposable pads, plus on-demand spray for greasy spills or stuck-on food, delivering a vacuum-and-mop combo without wet mopping buckets. In real-world tests, it excels at daily kitchen cleanups, picking up crumbs and wiping juice spills on hardwood without streaks.

At under 5 pounds, its lightweight stick design and LED headlights make maneuvering easy under furniture or in tight spaces, with one-click pad ejection keeping hands clean. Build feels sturdy for light daily use but relies on pads for performance.

Drawbacks include battery runtime suited for 15-20 minute sessions and the need for proprietary pads and solution refills, which add recurring costs versus traditional mops.

Buy this if you want effortless cordless cleaning on hard floors in small spaces; skip it for large homes or carpet-heavy setups needing longer runtime.

Powerful Suction + Spray Mopping: Vacuums debris into pads then sprays solution for wet messes, saving time on dual-step cleaning.

Disposable Pads with Dirt Chamber: Locks away pet hair and grit without spreading it, preventing clogs and enabling hygienic toss-away.

On-Demand Spray Button: Delivers targeted cleaner to cut through grease fast, avoiding over-wetting floors.

LED Headlights: Spotlights hidden dirt in shadows, ensuring no spots are missed during quick sweeps.

Cordless and Lightweight: Move freely between rooms without cords, reducing effort for daily maintenance.

No-Touch Disposal: Eject used pads easily, keeping your hands clean from grime.

Perfect for pet owners vacuuming hair and spraying paw-print messes on tile or hardwood daily.

Ideal for apartments with hard floors needing quick post-dinner cleanups of crumbs and spills without heavy equipment.

Great for families with kids, handling sticky juice or snack debris on laminate or vinyl in living areas.

Suits small homes or condos for cordless touch-ups under furniture, where LED lights catch overlooked dust bunnies.

The Redroad H15 is a cordless wet dry vacuum cleaner that combines vacuuming, mopping, and self-cleaning into one lightweight device. It is specifically designed for homes with hard floors, tile, marble, and low-pile carpets. With 20,000Pa of suction and a 50-minute runtime, it handles daily dust, sticky kitchen spills, pet hair, and bathroom puddles efficiently.

In real-world use, the self-propelled feature makes pushing effortless even on large open plans. The 0.2-inch edge cleaning ensures no debris is left along baseboards. Users report that the three modes (Power, Standard, Wet) match cleaning tasks well. The 4kg weight is genuinely easy to lift for stair cleaning. However, it is not a replacement for a full-size carpet shampooer on thick rugs. The self-cleaning function works well, but you must dump the dirty water tank after each use to avoid smells.

Build quality feels solid, and the purple design is a refreshing departure from typical black/gray appliances. The included HEPA filter and two bottles of cleaning solution add value. Overall, the Redroad H15 is a strong choice for anyone who wants a convenient all-in-one solution for hard floor maintenance, especially those with mobility concerns or large homes.

Extended Runtime & Dual Tanks: The 7-cell battery and 950ml clean water tank let you clean up to 3,000 sq ft without interruption. No stopping to refill or recharge means you finish faster.

Edge-to-Edge Cleaning: The roller brush extends to within 0.2 inches of walls, so corners and baseboards get scrubbed thoroughly. No more hand scrubbing tight spaces.

Self-Propelled Movement: The SmoothDrive system automatically drives the vacuum forward and backward with light pressure, reducing arm fatigue during long chores.

Lightweight Design: At only 4kg, you can easily carry it upstairs or around furniture. Ideal for seniors or anyone with limited strength.

Voice & LED Guidance: The clear display shows battery status and mode, while voice prompts tell you when to clean or empty the machine. No guesswork needed.

Self-Cleaning Roller: After each use, just place it on the dock and it flushes the brush with water. No hair wrap or odor build-up.

Large Hard Floor Homes: If your home has open plans with tile, hardwood, or laminate, the 50-minute runtime covers up to 3,000 sq ft. Perfect for living rooms, kitchens, and hallways.

Pet Owners: The strong suction and roller brush handle pet hair on hard floors effectively. Self-cleaning prevents fur from tangling the brush.

Busy Families: Quickly tackle sticky spills, crumbs, and after-dinner messes in one pass. The wet mode dries wet floors fast, reducing slip hazards.

Seniors or Anyone with Back Pain: The self-propelled design and light weight minimize bending and pushing effort. The voice prompts make it easy to operate without reading manuals.

Small Apartments & Stairs: Its compact footprint and ability to stand upright make storage easy. The 4kg weight allows one-handed carrying up stairs.

Eco-Conscious Users: The washable HEPA filter and reusable solution reduce waste compared to disposable pads or bags.

The BISSELL SpinWave Cordless Pet Spin Mop (model 23157) is a cordless hard floor cleaner designed for pet owners who want a convenient and effective way to tackle everyday messes. It features dual rotating mop pads that spin at high speeds to scrub away dirt, mud, and sticky residues, making it easier to clean up after pets without getting on your hands and knees.

In real-world use, the SpinWave excels at cleaning sealed hard floors such as tile, vinyl, laminate, and hardwood. The spinning pads provide more scrubbing power than a traditional mop, and the on-demand spray control lets you apply cleaning solution precisely where needed. The cordless design is a game-changer for quick cleanups, allowing you to move freely from room to room without worrying about cords. The lightweight build and swivel head make it easy to maneuver around furniture and into tight corners.

The build quality is solid, with a sturdy handle and a comfortable grip. The mop pads are washable and reusable, which is both economical and eco-friendly. However, the battery runtime is limited to about 20 minutes, which might not be enough for larger homes or extensive cleaning sessions. Some users have also noted that the battery may degrade over time, reducing its longevity.

Overall, the BISSELL SpinWave Cordless Pet Spin Mop is an excellent choice for pet owners with small to medium-sized homes who want a quick, easy, and effective way to keep their hard floors clean. It's especially useful for daily touch-ups and spot cleaning. However, if you have a very large home or need to clean multiple rooms in one go, you may want to consider a corded model or one with a longer battery life.

Dual Rotating Mop Pads: The spinning pads provide powerful scrubbing action that lifts dirt and grime from sealed hard floors, reducing the effort you need to put in.

Cordless Design: With up to 20 minutes of runtime, you can clean without being tethered to an outlet. This makes it easy to move from room to room and reach areas away from power sources.

On-Demand Spray Control: A button on the handle lets you spray cleaning solution directly onto the floor, giving you control over how much solution you use and where you apply it.

Washable Microfiber Pads: The included four washable pads are soft on floors but tough on messes. They can be reused multiple times, saving you money and reducing waste.

Low-Profile Swivel Head: The head pivots and lies flat, allowing you to clean under furniture and in tight spaces with ease.

BISSELL Pet Foundation Support: Every purchase helps support the BISSELL Pet Foundation, which works to save homeless pets. This adds a feel-good aspect to your cleaning routine.

Homes with Pets: Perfect for cleaning up muddy paw prints, pet food spills, and other everyday pet messes on sealed hard floors. The spinning pads make quick work of dried-on messes.

Small Apartments and Condos: The cordless design and compact size make it ideal for small living spaces where storage and maneuverability are key.

Quick Daily Clean-Ups: If you like to keep your floors tidy but don't want to drag out a mop and bucket, this spin mop is perfect for a quick five-minute clean-up.

Hardwood and Tile Floors: Specifically designed for sealed hard floors, it's safe for use on tile, vinyl, laminate, and hardwood, leaving them clean and shiny.

Senior Users or Those with Mobility Issues: The lightweight design and self-propelling action make it easy to use without much effort, as noted in user reviews.

The BISSELL CrossWave Pet Pro is a multi-surface wet dry vacuum mop designed for pet owners who need to tackle hair, wet messes, and odors on hard floors like tile, hardwood, laminate, and vinyl, plus area rugs.

In real-world use, its 3,000 RPM pet brush roll vacuums embedded pet hair and washes away sticky spots in one pass, outperforming a mop and bucket by picking up debris without spreading it. The pet hair strainer prevents clogs during heavy shedding seasons, and the included solution eliminates odors on contact.

At over 11 pounds with a sturdy build, it's stable for pushing across floors but bulky for storage in tight spaces; the 25-foot cord aids larger areas, and fingertip controls make switching surfaces simple. Daily use feels intuitive after a quick setup.

Drawbacks include its weight for multi-level homes and cord management needs. Buy this if you have pets and mixed flooring needing efficient all-in-one cleaning; skip if you prefer lightweight cordless options or steam functions.

Multi-Surface Pet Brush Roll: Rotates at 3,000 RPM to lift pet hair and dirt from rugs and hard floors without tangling, saving time on stubborn messes.

Dual-Tank Technology: Keeps fresh cleaning solution separate from dirty water, delivering hygienic mopping that avoids redistributing grime for truly clean results.

Pet Hair Strainer & Tangle-Free Design: Traps hair easily during and after use, preventing clogs and simplifying maintenance for frequent pet cleanups.

Self-Cleaning Storage Tray: Runs a rinse cycle to flush debris from the brush, making post-clean storage quick and keeping the machine odor-free.

Specialized Pet Solution: Neutralizes odors and tackles stains, leaving floors fresh longer than generic cleaners.

Perfect for pet owners in homes with mixed hard floors and area rugs, quickly handling tracked-in mud, hair balls, and urine spots without pre-vacuuming.

Ideal for apartments with limited storage where one machine replaces separate vacuum and mop for daily kitchen or entryway refreshes.

Excels in family homes with shedding dogs or cats, efficiently cleaning living room rugs and hardwood hallways after playtime.

Suits quick evening routines on tile bathrooms or laminate kitchens, combining vacuuming and mopping to minimize wet spots and drying time.

The Bissell CrossWave HydroSteam Deluxe (3515G) is a 3-in-1 floor cleaner that vacuums, washes, and steams hard floors simultaneously. Designed for homes with pets, kids, or high-traffic kitchens, it tackles wet and dry messes in one pass. Its standout feature is HydroSteam technology, which injects steam to loosen sticky, dried-on spills like grease or muddy paw prints before vacuuming and washing them away.

In real-world use, the tangle-free brushroll handles pet hair without wrapping, and the dual-tank system keeps dirty water separate from clean solution, so you're not spreading grime. The self-cleaning cycle is a convenient touch, automatically rinsing the brushroll after use. At 12.5 pounds, it's manageable for most users, though it doesn't lay completely flat, making under-furniture cleaning a bit tricky.

Build quality feels solid, but some reviews note occasional issues with the steam function after several months. It performs best on sealed hard floors like tile, laminate, and sealed wood. It can refresh low-pile area rugs but isn't a replacement for a dedicated vacuum on carpets.

Overall, this is a strong choice for pet owners and busy families who want a quick, deep clean on hard floors without multiple tools. Skip it if you need a vacuum for thick carpets or prefer a cordless model.

HydroSteam Technology: Combines steam with cleaning formula to dissolve tough grease and sticky messes 20% faster than steam-only cleaners. This means less scrubbing and a deeper clean on kitchen spills and pet stains.

Tangle-Free Brushroll: Designed to prevent hair wrap, so you can vacuum long pet hair without stopping to remove tangles. Saves time and frustration.

Dual-Tank System: Separate tanks for clean water/formula and dirty water ensure you always use fresh solution. No reusing dirty water that can leave residue on floors.

One-Touch Self-Cleaning: Press a button to automatically clean the brushroll and internal paths after use. Keeps the machine hygienic with minimal effort.

Multi-Surface Versatility: Safely cleans tile, sealed wood, laminate, and low-pile rugs. Switch between wet and dry modes to handle both spills and daily dust.

Pet Owners: Ideal for homes with dogs and cats that track in mud, leave paw prints, or shed heavily. The tangle-free brushroll and HydroSteam make quick work of pet hair and dried-on messes.

Busy Kitchens: Perfect for cleaning up after cooking spills, grease splatters, or dropped food. Steam helps dissolve sticky residues without harsh chemicals.

Hard Floor Maintenance: Great for regular cleaning of tile, laminate, and sealed wood floors. Combines vacuuming and mopping to save time on daily upkeep.

Multi-Room Cleaning: Lightweight enough to carry between rooms, and the self-cleaning cycle makes it easy to transition from kitchen to living area without manual brushroll cleaning.

The Dreame H12 Pro is a cordless wet-dry vacuum mop designed for hard floors in homes with pets, kids, or frequent spills, combining vacuuming and mopping into one efficient pass.

It excels at picking up pet hair, crumbs, and wet messes on hardwood or tile with 16KPa suction and a motor-driven roller that provides easy forward traction; the 900ml clean water tank and 35-minute runtime handle multiple rooms without refills.

At a lightweight build, it maneuvers smoothly under furniture and along edges with its dual-sided brush, while the charging dock automates self-cleaning and hot-air drying to prevent odors.

Limitations include occasional water streaks that dry quickly and the need to replace the roller every 3-6 months, plus no 180-degree lie-flat for tight spaces.

Buy this if you want effortless daily hard floor cleaning in pet-friendly homes; skip it for deep carpet cleaning or very large spaces needing longer battery life.

35-Minute Runtime & 900ml Tank: Clean entire apartments or multiple rooms without pausing to recharge or refill, ideal for uninterrupted sessions.

16KPa Suction with All-in-One Mopping: Tackle dry debris like pet hair and wet spills like tracked-in mud in a single pass, saving time on busy days.

Hot-Air Self-Drying Dock: Automatically cleans and dries the roller after use to banish odors and bacteria, making maintenance as simple as docking.

Dual-Edged Roller Brush: Cleans right up to walls and corners without gaps, ensuring spotless edges where dirt hides.

Smart Dirt Detection: Adjusts power for stubborn stains, delivering deeper cleans without extra effort from you.

Perfect for pet owners mopping up muddy paw prints and hair on hardwood floors after walks, with edge cleaning that gets into baseboards.

Ideal for apartments with tile kitchens where quick daily spills from cooking or kids need fast vacuum-mop combo cleanup.

Suits small to medium homes for routine hard floor maintenance, handling cereal crumbs and drink splashes efficiently before they set.

Great for busy parents combining vacuuming and mopping in one cordless tool to freshen living rooms post-playtime without switching devices.

The Tineco Floor ONE S5 is a cordless wet dry vacuum and mop designed specifically for hard floors, including tile, sealed wood, laminate, and more. It combines vacuuming and mopping in one pass, using Tineco's iLoop Smart Sensor Technology that automatically adjusts suction power, water flow, and brush roller speed based on the mess detected. This makes it ideal for quick cleanups of wet spills, sticky residues, and dry debris like pet hair or crumbs.

In real-world use, the S5 performs well on everyday messes. Its edge cleaning brush roller glides close to baseboards, so corners and edges are thoroughly cleaned. The dual-tank system keeps clean and dirty water separate, ensuring fresh water is always used for mopping. With a 30% larger clean water tank than previous models, you can cover larger areas without interruptions. The battery provides 35 minutes of runtime, which is sufficient for small to medium-sized homes.

The design is lightweight at 17.4 pounds and cordless, making it easy to maneuver around furniture. The self-cleaning function is a major convenience: after use, you press a button, and the machine flushes the brush roller and tubing, eliminating the need to manually clean dirty parts. The pet hair strainer simplifies fur removal, a thoughtful addition for pet owners.

However, there are limitations. The S5 is only for hard floors, it cannot replace a traditional vacuum for carpets or rugs. Battery life may be insufficient for larger homes without recharging mid-session. It has only one power speed, limiting customization for very tough messes. Some users report that the detection pins in the dirty water tank require regular cleaning to prevent false alarms, which adds a minor maintenance step.

Overall, the Tineco Floor ONE S5 is an excellent choice for apartment dwellers, homeowners with hard floors and pets, or anyone wanting a convenient all-in-one cleaning solution. It is not recommended for those needing a carpet vacuum or for very large homes requiring extended runtime.

iLoop Smart Sensor Technology: Automatically detects wet or dry messes and adjusts suction, water flow, and brush speed for optimized cleaning without manual settings. You get efficient cleaning for any spill on hard floors.

Self-Cleaning Function: After mopping, press the self-cleaning button to deep-clean the brush roller and inner tubing. No need to touch dirty parts, maintenance is fast and hygienic.

Dual-Tank System: Clean and dirty water are stored separately, so you always mop with fresh water and cleaning solution. The 0.8-liter clean tank (30% larger) reduces refills during cleaning.

Edge Cleaning Brush Roller: The specially designed brush roller reaches along baseboards and into corners, ensuring floors are streak-free and clean right up to edges.

Pet Hair Strainer: Built-in strainer catches pet hair before it clogs the brush roller, making removal quick and easy for homes with shedding animals.

Cordless and Lightweight: At 17.4 pounds with 35 minutes of runtime, you can clean multiple rooms without being tethered to an outlet or struggling with heavy equipment.

Pet Owners: Tackle dried pet hair, litter, and muddy paw prints on hard floors. The pet hair strainer and self-cleaning roller reduce maintenance after cleaning up after furry friends.

Busy Families: Quickly clean up spills like juice, milk, or sauce during meals. The iLoop sensor adjusts for wet messes, leaving floors dry and safe to walk on.

Apartment Dwellers: Compact storage with the 3-in-1 docking station (charges, stores, and cleans) fits in small spaces. The cordless design and 35-minute runtime cover typical apartment floor plans.

Daily Maintenance Cleaning: Ideal for quick once-overs in high-traffic areas like kitchens and entryways. Combined vacuuming and mopping saves time compared to using separate tools.

The HAUSMEISTER Hydroflex Pro Max is a cordless wet-dry vacuum mop designed for homeowners who want to simplify their floor cleaning routine. It combines vacuuming and mopping into one step, using a powerful 30KPA brushless motor to pick up everything from dry cereal crumbs to sticky juice spills on hard floors like hardwood, tile, and laminate. The machine also handles low-pile rugs without oversaturating them.

In real-world use, the 40-minute runtime on ECO mode is enough for most small to medium homes, though the 30-minute MAX mode may require a recharge for larger spaces. The self-cleaning base is a standout feature: after cleaning, place the unit on the dock and press a button to wash and dry the roller brushes in 50 seconds, minimizing manual maintenance. The dual-tank system keeps clean and dirty water separate, so you are always mopping with fresh water.

However, the product has received mixed reviews. Some users praise its lightweight design and ease of use, while others report issues with water pickup (leaving puddles) and durability concerns. The 3.1-star average rating reflects these inconsistencies. The unit is best suited for pet owners or those with hard floors who prioritize convenience and are willing to accept some limitations in moisture removal.

We recommend the Hydroflex Pro Max for budget-conscious buyers seeking a 2-in-1 solution, but if flawless water pickup and long-term reliability are critical, consider spending more on a higher-rated model.

30KPA Suction & 200W Brushless Motor: Provides strong suction to handle both dry dirt and wet spills in one pass, reducing cleaning time. Cordless 40-Minute Runtime: ECO mode offers 40 minutes of cleaning for daily maintenance, while MAX mode boosts suction to 25KPA for 30 minutes of deep cleaning. 50-Second Self-Cleaning Base: Automatically washes and dries both roller brushes using just 150mL of water, so you never have to touch a dirty brush. Dual-Tank System: Isolates clean water (500mL) from dirty water (600mL), ensuring fresh water is used for mopping every time. HEPA Filtration & Anti-Tangle Brushroll:, while the brushroll resists hair wrap, making it ideal for pet households. Lightweight & Maneuverable: At just 7.36 pounds, it easily moves under furniture and up stairs.

Pet Owners: The anti-tangle brushroll and HEPA filter handle pet hair and dander on hard floors, while the wet-dry capability cleans up accidents quickly. Busy Families: The one-pass vacuum and mop saves time on daily kitchen and hallway spills, and the cordless design means no tripping over cables. Small Apartments or Condos: With a 40-minute runtime and compact footprint, it easily cleans multiple rooms without needing a recharge. Low-Pile Rugs: It refreshes area rugs without soaking them, making it a versatile tool for mixed-floor homes. Quick Maintenance Cleaning: The self-cleaning base makes it easy to use and store, ideal for those who want a ready-to-go cleaner without manual brush scrubbing.